Judicial inquiry was low in that example hearing because the judge actually directly inquired about very few topics (the judge inquired about notice, allegations, and placement but could have inquired about efforts to prevent removal, safety planning, what is preventing the child from returning home today among other topics). Relatedly, breadth of discussion in the hearing was also low as only the reasons for removal and current placement were discussed.

The judge has the ability to engage all stakeholders and parties in discussion of relevant topics so that informed decisions can be made. While the judge can improve discussion in the hearing with active inquiry from the bench, all professionals and parties to the case who are present for the hearing have the ability to enhance and contribute to discussion of key topics. Research shows a positive link between improved breadth of discussion at hearings, especially the very first hearing on the case, and better outcomes for children and families.